See タフ on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "en",
"3": "tough",
"sort": "たふ"
},
"expansion": "English tough",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English tough.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tafu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "タフな",
"roman": "tafu na",
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "タフに",
"roman": "tafu ni",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "タフなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "タフに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "タフさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tafusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "タフ • (tafu) -na (adnominal タフな (tafu na), adverbial タフに (tafu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "タフ",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese katakana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "mentally tough person",
"roman": "seishinteki ni tafu na hito",
"ruby": [
[
"精",
"せい"
],
[
"神",
"しん"
],
[
"的",
"てき"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "精神的にタフな人",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough"
],
"id": "en-タフ-ja-adj-3t4eAAQH",
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "tafunesu",
"word": "タフネス"
},
{
"roman": "tsuyoi",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"つよ"
]
],
"word": "強い"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "タフ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠ɸɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "タフ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "en",
"3": "tough",
"sort": "たふ"
},
"expansion": "English tough",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English tough.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tafu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "タフな",
"roman": "tafu na",
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "タフに",
"roman": "tafu ni",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "タフでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "タフなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "タフだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "タフに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tafu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "タフさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tafusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "タフ • (tafu) -na (adnominal タフな (tafu na), adverbial タフに (tafu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "タフ",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "tafunesu",
"word": "タフネス"
},
{
"roman": "tsuyoi",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"つよ"
]
],
"word": "強い"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese katakana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from English",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "mentally tough person",
"roman": "seishinteki ni tafu na hito",
"ruby": [
[
"精",
"せい"
],
[
"神",
"しん"
],
[
"的",
"てき"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "精神的にタフな人",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough"
],
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "タフ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠ɸɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "タフ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for タフ meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"タフ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "タフ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.